What's Inside
This volume compiles eleven dramatic works that defined medieval English performance, ranging from the moral allegory Everyman to various mystery cycles. The collection explores biblical narratives including the Deluge, the Nativity, and the Harrowing of Hell, alongside texts focused on judgment. These selections balance theological weight with vernacular humor, particularly in the Wakefield plays where shepherds trade complaints about farming conditions and sheep theft. Staged as public spectacles, these dramas integrated scripture with the sharp realities of daily life to instruct congregations on their roles in the cosmic hierarchy. The works shift between the solemnity of the Crucifixion and the earthly frustrations of characters navigating a world caught between fallible humanity and divine order.
Works & figures
- Everyman
A human creature summoned by Death to render an account. (in “Everyman”)
- Mac
A sheep-stealer who hides stolen goods in a cradle. (in “The Wakefield Second Shepherds' Play”)
- Pilate
A self-important prince of Jewry demanding absolute silence. (in “The Wakefield Miracle-Play of the Crucifixion”)
- Mary Magdalene
The first witness to the resurrection attempting to convince apostles. (in “The Mystery of Mary Magdalene and the Apostles”)
What it's really about
- Accountability
- Humans must justify their actions before divine judgment.
- Humanity
- Biblical figures share the anxieties of common medieval laborers.
Why it's memorable
- A sheep-stealer attempts to pass off his stolen ram as a newborn.
- A loud, arrogant Pilate threatens to beat anyone who speaks during his court.
Where to start
Start with The Wakefield Second Shepherds' Play to observe how the bleak reality of moorland cold and sheep-thieving neighbors intersects with the Nativity.
For your book club
- How do these plays balance liturgical instruction with regional humor?
- Why use common local dialects for ancient, holy events?