Monks, Mill-Owners, and the Midas Curse

Past and Present

A Victorian philosopher holds up a medieval monk’s ledger to prove that modern capitalism has lost its soul to a stomach.

Author
by Thomas Carlyle
Type
ideas · Social Philosophy
Published
1843
Length
Long essay
Status
Public domain
Past and Present summary

The Big Idea

Staring at the 'dreadful political signs' of 1840s England, the narrative rejects the modern gospel of supply-and-demand as a viable law for human society. It resurrects the twelve-century chronicle of Abbot Samson, a man who inherited a monastery of 'lazy farmers' and 'refractory monks' and beat it into organic order through sheer moral gravity. By comparing the purposeful poverty of the medieval monk to the 'Midas-eared Mammonism' of the industrial present, the work argues that society cannot survive on 'Cash-payment' alone. It calls for a transition from temporary 'nomadic' labor to a permanent 'Chivalry of Labour' led by a genuine Aristocracy of Talent rather than idle dilettantes.

Past and Present people

Who's named

  • Abbot Samson

    A russet-bearded 12th-century reformer who rescued St. Edmundsbury from ruin.

  • Jocelin

    The monk whose 'Boswellean' notebook recorded the daily life of the abbey.

  • Mammon

    The deity of greed representing the 'Midas-eared' pursuit of pure profit.

  • Henry II

    The English King who seized abbey revenues during the interregnum.

Past and Present themes & meaning

What it's really about

Hero-Worship
The necessity of being led by the wisest 'royal souls'.
Gospel of Mammonism
The soul-crushing results of treating cash as the only social bond.
Permanence
The civilizing power of lifelong contracts over daily nomadic hiring.

Why it's memorable

  • The ruddy glow of St. Edmund's Shrine shining through seven centuries of darkness.
  • Abbot Samson struggling to put the 'saddle on the right horse' during monastery reform.
Past and Present bottom line

What it concludes

True greatness lies in calming tumultuous anarchy into fruitful sovereignty by making a nook of creation wiser and happier.

Past and Present discussion questions

For your book club

  1. Is an 'Aristocracy of Talent' actually possible without slipping into simple tyranny?
  2. Does the modern preference for 'nomadic' flexibility destroy the 'Permanence' required for human fertility?
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